Teleost fish possess a sophisticated immune system in which cytokines act as central mediators of both innate and adaptive defence mechanisms. These small secreted proteins, including interleukins, ...

Cells have sophisticated methods of sensing stimuli and communicating with nearby cells in response to these stimuli. For example, macrophages can sense environmental stimuli—tissue damage, foreign ...

Covid-19 denotes coronavirus disease 2019, CT computed tomography, ICU intensive care unit, MIS-C multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, ND not determined, PASC postacute sequelae of Covid-19, ...

Cytokines contribute to the antitumor response through several key pathways and interactions with different immune cells. These include the following: (a) Natural killer (NK) cells: Cytokines such as ...