The startup company intends to build a recycled-content copper refinery in Charleston, South Carolina, initially to produce ...

The expansion of railroads and manufacturing during the late-19th century sparked strong demand for materials such as iron. However, early processes for refining crude iron ore were labor- and ...

Most people pump diesel without thinking about what's in the nozzle, but the stuff has a long journey before it hits your fuel tank. Diesel doesn't magically come out from underground — it's ...

Processing zinc into a pure form is complicated by the fact that the ore invariably contains other chemical elements such as iron and sulphur. Traditionally, the zinc ore concentrate is roasted in hot ...