Random-pattern skin flaps are widely used to repair defects caused by trauma, burns, tumor removal, and other injuries ...

The skin has a remarkable ability to grow under constant stretch. Using a controlled tissue expansion system in mice, we identified an enhanced inflammatory-metabolic network in stretched skin via ...

A complex wound with composite tissue defects involves the loss of two or more types of tissues, necessitating personalized flap designs for effective reconstruction. Improper flap design during ...

4D printed hydrogel expanders use controlled buckling and low pressure to generate new soft tissue while preserving viability and activating early remodeling pathways for personalized reconstruction. ...