The field of spray atomization and injector dynamics is pivotal to optimising combustion efficiency and minimising pollutant emissions across a range of industrial applications. This area of research ...

When electronic fuel injection first appeared on performance cars, it represented a major shift in the comfort zone of many hot rodders. Turning screws, replacing jets, and setting float levels were ...

The carbureted car and truck era phased out by the early '90s. Carbs are still in use today on a few motorcycles, lawn mowers, and other power equipment, but electronic fuel injection (EFI) is ...

Direct-port electronic fuel-injection may be the ultimate fuel metering system, but unfortunately it is also by far the most expensive. Presently available systems are based on factory electronic fuel ...

Most new petrol cars you see today are equipped with fuel injection systems or injector motors. These have almost wholly supplanted older carburetor motors. They are more reliable, effective, and ...

Vehicle fuel injectors are integral to a car's engine fuel delivery system. Fuel injectors are responsible for delivering the right fuel at the right time. Gasoline and diesel-powered engines of all ...

Fortunately, the aftermarket soon stepped in by developing stand-alone engine management systems that took over fuel and spark duties from stock PCMs. The aptly named Fuel Air Spark Technology (FAST) ...