Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) represent a pivotal class of semiconductor lasers that emit light perpendicular to the wafer surface, enabling compact, energy-efficient and high-speed ...

Semiconductor lasers are the most widely used lasers due to their compact size, high efficiency, low cost and wide spectra. But they suffer low output power and low beam quality—two specifications ...

Cavities at protein-protein interaction interfaces are often considered "undruggable" because their shallow or large geometries hinder the stable binding by small molecules. A study published in ...